Space science education in Egypt and the 2006 solar eclipse

The space science research has been started in Egypt since 1910 by measuring the solar constant as indication of solar radiation at Helwan Observatory. The solar sunspot studies and its influence on the Nile flooding was erected and operated at Helwan as a first solar station in Egypt during 1957. Zeiss-Coude’ refractor was installed in 1964. Astronomy and space science educations started in Egypt at the university level since 1936 at Department of Astronomy and Meteorology of Cairo University. Undergraduate and graduate education in Egypt will be discussed in this work.     

Mean energy of response to galactic cosmic ray spectrum: IMP 8 and Climax neutron monitor

Solar modulations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity contain a wealth of information about their transport in the heliosphere. To extract this information from the data one studies the dependence of the observed modulations on the mean energy of response of detectors providing data for the analyses. There is a great deal of confusion about the detector energy response to GCR spectrum in the literature. We present a preliminary report on the computations of the mean energy of response for the Climax neutron monitor (CL/NM) and IMP 8 cosmic ray nuclear composition instrument to GCR protons for 1973–1998, covering the solar cycles 21 and 22. We find that for penetrating proton channel on IMP 8 the mean energy changes by a factor of over two whereas for the neutron monitor the change is only 21%. However, the corresponding change for the computed modulation function is a factor of about 3.5.     

Route generation and description using the notions of object's influence area and spatial conceptual map

In the GRAAD Project we aimed at creatinga system which could generate route directions thatare comparable to route directions created by humanparticipants. With this goal in mind, we started froma linguistic and cognitive study of route directionsproduced by people and the study of cognitive modelsof mental maps. We proposed a new qualitative spatialmodel that can support the spatial properties of humanroute directions. This model is based on the notion ofobject's influence area which is used to modelneighborhood, orientation and distance. The proposedapproach relies on the manipulation of spatialentities in a spatial conceptual map (SCM) which isthe computarized analog of a mental map used bypeople. We developped the GRAAD System, software thatgenerates routes in a SCM and describes them innatural language. Finally, we conducted an experimentin order to compare GRAAD's route directions androutes described by human participants in similarexperimental conditions. GRAAD's output was notdistinguishable from route directions created by humanparticipants. In this paper we present the mainresults obtained during all phases of the GRAADProject.     

Zenith Pass Problem of Inter-satellite Linkage Antenna Based on Program Guidance Method

While adopting an elevation-over-azimuth architecture by an inter-satellite linkage antenna of a user satellite, a zenith pass problem always occurs when the antenna is tracing the tracking and data relay satellite （TDRS）. This paper deals with this problem by way of, firstly, introducing movement laws of the inter-satellite linkage to predict the movement of the user satellite antenna followed by analyzing the potential pass moment and the actual one of the zenith pass in detail. A number of specific orbit altitudes for the user satellite that can remove the blindness zone are obtained. Finally, on the base of the predicted results from the movement laws of the inter-satellite linkage, the zenith pass tracing strategies for the user satellite antenna are designed under the program guidance using a trajectory preprocessor. Simulations have confirmed the reasonability and feasibility of the strategies in dealing with the zenith pass problem.     

基于UDDI的应用服务注册中心的设计与实现

Web服务是当前基于Web的分布式计算与应用的关键技术基础.通用描述发现集成协议(UDDI)是Web服务的核心技术标准,提供了Web服务的信息注册查找规范,解决了Web服务的描述、发布以及查找问题.UDDI规范仅提供了标准接口及数据结构,缺乏对UDDI注册中心的安全性、可管理性等明确的定义和实现机制.基于Web服务及UDDI技术分析,设计实现了基于UDDI的应用服务注册中心(ASC).ASC由ASC客户端、ASC服务器、ASC管理控制台组成,支持Web服务的发布、查找、管理等操作.根据实际应用需求,设计并实现了发布者声明关联匹配算法,扩展了UDDI标准的应用编程接口,提供了安全、管理等功能,形成了一个具有较强安全性和易管理性的应用服务注册系统.     

航天器动力学特性参数在轨辨识技术

从结构模态参数的可识别性出发,结合结构自由响应识别技术和数字处理技术,开发出大型航天器动力学特征参数在轨辨识系统,包括硬件系统和软件系统,其中软件系统由C+ +和汇编语言组合编写,系统各部分均模块化,可适用于较复杂的工程任务.在此基础上设计了模拟在轨航天器的试验验证系统,检验辨识算法和设计软件的可靠性以及航天器在轨辨识的实时性.该试验系统包括一个对称的双梁结构,利用对称结构的弱耦合可得到多个密集模态,该结构可模拟大型航天器在太空失重条件下所特有的动力学特征.试验表明系统辨识算法可靠,精度达到设计要求.     

涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道的换热

采用热色液晶测温法,测量了涡轮叶片尾缘带隔板的复合通道的温度场,分析了射流冲击强化扰流柱通道内换热的机理,讨论了两通道间隔板的不同开孔结构对换热的影响.从工程应用的角度出发提出了几个换热评价指标,对不同开孔结构的隔板进行了换热评价.结果表明:冷气由第1通道进入,通过隔板上的孔不断由径向流动变为弦向流动后,对第2通道的扰流柱区形成冲击,最后由劈缝排出,提高了尾缘的换热;开孔均匀的隔板换热效果相对较好.     

基于在线频率估计的自适应反馈主动隔振技术

针对自适应前馈控制方法的缺点,提出一种周期性振动主动控制的自适应反馈控制方法.利用误差信号恢复振动干扰信号,采用级联陷波器估计信号中周期性分量的频率,并在估计频率处为控制器构造参考信号;控制器的参数则根据Lyapunov稳定性原理进行调整.仿真和主动隔振试验结果表明:频率估计方法在不同信噪比情况下均具有较好的估计精度;主动控制方法在振动频率处的隔振效果明显,隔振量可达16?dB以上,且控制器的参数收敛速度较快.     

配置配合在夹具设计与制造中的应用

本文围绕夹具设计与制造,通过两个应用实例着重论述了配置配合在其中的应用．并结合实际,提出了在夹具设计、制造与维修中采用配置配合时应注意的事项,以指导有关工程技术人员对配置配合的正确理解与使用。     

用于压力传感器校准的高低温试验箱设计

基于压力传感器在高低温环境下的校准需求,设计了一种专用高低温试验箱。其控制温度范围可达到-120℃[KG-*4]~[KG-*7]500℃。提出了高低温试验箱的总体方案,介绍了宽温区温度的实现方法以及高温和低温系统不兼容的解决方法和控制流程。试验验证结果显示,高低温试验箱达到了实现宽温区温度的目的,满足设计指标要求。